Standard Template Library - Wikipedia. The Standard Template Library (STL) is a software library for the C++ programming language that influenced many parts of the C++ Standard Library. It provides four components called algorithms, containers, functional, and iterators. STL algorithms are independent of containers, which significantly reduces the complexity of the library. The STL achieves its results through the use of templates. This approach provides compile- time polymorphism that is often more efficient than traditional run- time polymorphism. Modern C++ compilers are tuned to minimize abstraction penalty arising from heavy use of the STL. Free CSS has 2440 free website templates, all templates are free CSS templates, open source templates or creative commons templates. Template Monster harbors the richest ever web site templates collection – pre-made web designs created by web development industry experts. Not only we offer you the variety of design styles and topics, we also guarantee the. The Standard Template Library. Shopify Theme Store includes over 100 free and premium professionally designed ecommerce website templates that you can use for your own online store.Shopify Theme Store includes over 100 free and premium professionally. You can download free HTML5 CSS website templates, responsive Bootstrap layouts from templatemo. The STL was created as the first library of generic algorithms and data structures for C++, with four ideas in mind: generic programming, abstractness without loss of efficiency, the Von Neumann computation model. The Containers are objects that store data. The standard sequence containers include vector, deque, and list. The standard associative containers are set, multiset, map, multimap, hash. There are also container adaptorsqueue, priority. The STL 'pair' can be assigned, copied and compared. What is the standard size for a website? Artisteer - web design generator for Joomla templates. Download Themler as theme or template for your CMS: Themler for HTML. Template Monster is a world leader in e-commerce - providing customers with valuable, convenient, relevant and enjoyable online experiences through a diversity of products. Hi As you can see my title for the thread. I have few questions to ask. What's the standard size for a website template? Web standards are the formal, non-proprietary standards and other technical specifications that define and describe aspects of the World Wide. The array of objects allocated in a map or hash. Inserting an element to the back of the vector at the end takes amortized constant time. Removing the last element takes only constant time, because no resizing happens. Inserting and erasing at the beginning or in the middle is linear in time. Opposite performance from a vector. Slow lookup and access (linear time), but once a position has been found, quick insertion and deletion (constant time). Opposite performance from a vector. Slow lookup and access (linear time), but once a position has been found, quick insertion and deletion (constant time). It has slightly more efficient insertion, deletion and uses less memory than a doubly linked list, but can only be iterated forwards. It is implemented in the C++ standard library as forward. It is implemented using a heap. Elements should additionally support comparison (to determine which element has a higher priority and should be popped first). Provides LIFOstack interface in terms of push/pop/top operations (the last- inserted element is on top). Provides set operations union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference and test of inclusion. Type of data must implement comparison operator < or custom comparator function must be specified; such comparison operator or comparator function must guarantee strict weak ordering, otherwise behavior is undefined. Typically implemented using a self- balancing binary search tree. Multiset). mapan associative array; allows mapping from one data item (a key) to another (a value). Type of key must implement comparison operator < or custom comparator function must be specified; such comparison operator or comparator function must guarantee strict weak ordering, otherwise behavior is undefined. Typically implemented using a self- balancing binary search tree. These types were left out of the C++ standard; similar containers were standardized in C++1. Implements bitwise operations and lacks iterators. Provides random access. Another array data type, intended for numerical use (especially to represent vectors and matrices); the C++ standard allows specific optimizations for this intended purpose. According to Josuttis, valarray was badly designed, by people . These are input iterators (that can only be used to read a sequence of values), output iterators (that can only be used to write a sequence of values), forward iterators (that can be read, written to, and move forward), bidirectional iterators (that are like forward iterators, but can also move backwards) and random access iterators (that can move freely any number of steps in one operation). It is possible to have bidirectional iterators act like random access iterators, so moving forward ten steps could be done by simply moving forward a step at a time a total of ten times. However, having distinct random access iterators offers efficiency advantages. For example, a vector would have a random access iterator, but a list only a bidirectional iterator. Iterators are the major feature that allow the generality of the STL. For example, an algorithm to reverse a sequence can be implemented using bidirectional iterators, and then the same implementation can be used on lists, vectors and deques. User- created containers only have to provide an iterator that implements one of the five standard iterator interfaces, and all the algorithms provided in the STL can be used on the container. This generality also comes at a price at times. For example, performing a search on an associative container such as a map or set can be much slower using iterators than by calling member functions offered by the container itself. This is because an associative container's methods can take advantage of knowledge of the internal structure, which is opaque to algorithms using iterators. Algorithms. Searching algorithms like binary. Apart from these, algorithms are provided for making heap from a range of elements, generating lexicographically ordered permutations of a range of elements, merge sorted ranges and perform union, intersection, difference of sorted ranges. Functions. Instances of such classes are called functors or function objects. Functors allow the behavior of the associated function to be parameterized (e. Since both functors and function pointers can be invoked using the syntax of a function call, they are interchangeable as arguments to templates when the corresponding parameter only appears in function call contexts. A particularly common type of functor is the predicate. For example, algorithms like find. Algorithms like sort, partial. If none is supplied, these algorithms and containers use less by default, which in turn calls the less- than- operator <. History. In 1. 97. Although David Musser had developed and advocated some aspects of generic programming already by year 1. Stepanov recognized the full potential for generic programming and persuaded his then- colleagues at General Electric Research and Development (including, primarily, David Musser and Deepak Kapur) that generic programming should be pursued as a comprehensive basis for software development. At the time there was no real support in any programming language for generic programming. The first major language to provide such support was Ada (ANSI standard 1. In 1. 98. 5, the Eiffel programming language became the first object- oriented language to include intrinsic support for generic classes, combined with the object- oriented notion of inheritance. However, Ada had not achieved much acceptance outside the defense industry and C++ seemed more likely to become widely used and provide good support for generic programming even though the language was relatively immature. Another reason for turning to C++, which Stepanov recognized early on, was the C/C++ model of computation that allows very flexible access to storage via pointers, which is crucial to achieving generality without losing efficiency. Much research and experimentation were needed, not just to develop individual components, but to develop an overall architecture for a component library based on generic programming. First at AT& T Bell Laboratories and later at Hewlett- Packard Research Labs (HP), Stepanov experimented with many architectural and algorithm formulations, first in C and later in C++. Musser collaborated in this research and in 1. Meng Lee joined Stepanov's project at HP and became a major contributor. This work undoubtedly would have continued for some time being just a research project or at best would have resulted in an HP proprietary library, if Andrew Koenig of Bell Labs had not become aware of the work and asked Stepanov to present the main ideas at a November 1. ANSI/ISO committee for C++ standardization. The committee's response was overwhelmingly favorable and led to a request from Koenig for a formal proposal in time for the March 1. Despite the tremendous time pressure, Alex and Meng were able to produce a draft proposal that received preliminary approval at that meeting. The committee had several requests for changes and extensions (some of them major), and a small group of committee members met with Stepanov and Lee to help work out the details. The requirements for the most significant extension (associative containers) had to be shown to be consistent by fully implementing them, a task Stepanov delegated to Musser. Stepanov and Lee produced a proposal that received final approval at the July 1. ANSI/ISO committee meeting. It also influenced other parts of the C++ Standard Library, such as the string facilities, and some of the previously adopted standards in those areas were revised accordingly. In spite of STL's success with the committee, there remained the question of how STL would make its way into actual availability and use. With the STL requirements part of the publicly available draft standard, compiler vendors and independent software library vendors could of course develop their own implementations and market them as separate products or as selling points for their other wares. One of the first edition's authors, Atul Saini, was among the first to recognize the commercial potential and began exploring it as a line of business for his company, Modena Software Incorporated, even before STL had been fully accepted by the committee. The prospects for early widespread dissemination of STL were considerably improved with Hewlett- Packard's decision to make its implementation freely available on the Internet in August 1. This implementation, developed by Stepanov, Lee, and Musser during the standardization process, became the basis of many implementations offered by compiler and library vendors today. Criticisms. This problem has been considered so severe that a number of tools have been written that simplify and prettyprint STL- related error messages to make them more comprehensible.
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